Atomizing mixing nozzle



' 23,` 1930. H. ADAMS v 1,785,803

ATOMIZING MIXING NOZZLE Filed nec. e, 1923 yz'gaz? www Patented Dec. 23, 1930 PATE-NT OFFICE i HENRY ADAMS, F PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY ATOMIZING MIXING NOZZLE Application led December 6, 1923. Serial No. 878,977.

My present invention relates -to an improvement in methods an-d apparatus for mixing and atomizing liquids or dry colloids, and has for its main obj ect that improvement in the art as to treat fuel oils and other liquids and combinations so that they may be finely divided and atomized for creating fuel, and for other purposes where such fine atomization or mixing of liquids or dry colloids is necessary and desirable.

One of the main advantages of my construction is the simplicity and accessibility of the component parts.

One articular advantage of my improved nozzle is that the steam is not used for the breaking-or the atomizing of the oil when the steam is at high velocity, and this is accomplished by' means of a nozzle designed for complete expansion.

By this high velocity, the liquid fuel is more finely divided and broken down,` so that it will be inthe' finest divided state possible when it is mixed with oxygen for combustion.

Another advantage of this invention is that this burner will take very little steam consumption to atomize or break down the oil, theieby making a great saving in the steam use The present modern burners require from .2 ofa pound of steam upward to atomize one pound of oil under ordinary conditions. My type of burner reduces the steam consumption so that I use less'than .05 of a pound of steam per pound of oil atomized.

Another important advantage is the addition of means, in the form of a liquid heating chamber wherein the liquid desired to be o atomized is subjectedto mixing-forces and a heating within a special chamber devised therefor, after .it has been atomized in previous steps,'and is then re-atomized in its advance from thel mixing chamber to atmosphere where it is again finely divided.

In .some respect a portion of the structure herein is similar to my copending application, Serial No. 675,150 led on November 16th, 1923 for improvements in burner jet nozzles, and also the following copending United States application: Serial No. 665,454 file-d Sept. 28, 1923.

In the present instance however, I have made an addition to the et nozzle herein disclosed over that nozzle shown in the first noted application whereby a mist is created when a liquid is utilized in conjunction with steam or air under pressure and the mist is so finely divided and admixed as to fioat in the atmosphere, exactly like smoke.

Other advantages will appear as the description proceeds.

In the drawings accompanying, Figure l is a longitudinal sectional View, partly in elevation, of my device, the section being taken on the line 1 1, Fig. 4,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged portion thereof,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the coacting elements, vand Fig. 4 is a rear elevation.

In my present device, the structure herein is somewhat modified over the above note-d copending application and while the details of structure hereinafter to be outlined are somewhat variant with the above noted prior disclosure, nevertheless the functions per-v formed are entirely similar up to a certain point.

By referring to Fig. 1, the casing 1, is noted as being tapering toward the rear at which end it is provided with a threaded end 2 whereby it may be attached to a suitable steam piping, not shown. By this piping means, steam or air under desired pressures may be conducted to and will travel in the direction of the arrows A, interiorly shown. The taper casing 1 is provided at its outer end, either integral or otherwise, with a flange and threaded disk 3, this said disk being rigidly afiixed to the said casing 1 in such a manner as to prevent loosening and leaks.

Inside the chamber formed therein by this annular flange disk 3, is located an annular fuel-distributing ring or disk 4 which is provided with an annular oil port or groove 5 therein, the said distributing ring 4 snulglly fitting the interior of the flange disk 3 so t at when assembled as shown in Fig. 1, an annular oil distributing ring is formed between the disk groove 5 and the front well of the ilan e disk 3, which permits oil or other liquid to 'travel around in the groove 5 in a circular manner. v

The fuel or liquid distributor ring 4 is provided as shown in Fig. 4 with a plurality of radially cut liquid jets 12, so that when the oil or other liquid is introduced into the pipe or duct 6, and which duct communicates with tion by any desired the annular fuel port 5, the liquid is forced to travel forwardly in the direction of the arrows B, as indicated in Fig. 2, and passing through the radial slots or jet grooves 12 in this manner, under pressure, the liquiolpasses into the chamber J formed in the disk 4 and strikes into a curved defiector face 7,` which is arranged at the outer end of a cone like' by the steam may be deflected between the lugs 9, through the ports 10, formed therebetween and as indicated by the arrows C, Figs. l and 2, into said chamber J. l

The steam discharged from the ports 10 travels in a path indicated by the arrow F and is maintained separate from the atomized oil deflected by the face 7 until the intersection of the paths of the oil and steam indicated bythe crossed arrows E and F.

' Immediately in front of the emission port D formed between the deflector 8 and the wall of-the chamber J is located a second tfapered casing 11 which is provided with an annular flange, generally denotedV by 13,

which rests against the back face of the liquid distributing ring 4 and is held thereto in opposition by means of an annular flange retainer disk 14 which is threadedly en aged with the threads 15 upon the 'annular an e disk 3, the casingll at its end adjacent to t e disk 4 having the straight sided chamber K constituting an expansion chamber communicating with the chamber J of the 'disk 4 and the chamberi G of the casing 11. The Afront reduced end of this casing 11 is rovided with threads as at 16 upon whic it receives, a jet ca generally denoted by 17, which is provide with an orifice 18, of proper reduction or bore to accentuate the development of a finely divided spray and this cap is made-in a manner shown so that it may be removed for cleaning or to be substituted by needle jets or jet nozzles, of any desired sizes, or styles, as mav be indicated by the required use of the atomized liquid.

From the construction above noted, itwill be seen that the pressure medium, prefereans not shown, whereably steam, is permitted totravel in a longitudinal path from the admissionor coupling end 2, through to the emission or nozzle end 18.

The first expansion of the steam occurs when it is admitted at end 2, wherein the first expansion of the, as yet, uncombined steam.l

expands as it travels to and over4 the de.` flector 8.

Upon emitting from the throttling ports 10, on the deflector 8,the steam carriesalong with it the liquid taken up from the right angularly located fuel-ports 12, and 'during this action of the forwardly travelling steamstrearn, generally denoted by the arrow E,

Figs. 1 and 2, the fuel or other liquid is thorinducted into the steam-stream, and the oil l is itself subjected to a plural sequence of atomizing actions, in a manner that causes it to rapidly divide and combine with the actuator steam-stream and finallyemit to atmosphere. To this end, the-oil or liquid is admitted into the duct 6, and lling the annular oil duct 5, it is forced out through the plurality of the radialjets 12. being thereby atomized, passing across the face of the lugs 9, as shown by arrows F, where the atomized oil is intersected in its path and picked up by the steam, atomized, heated, expanded in chamber K and mixed and compressed in the chamber G, and then passed to atmosphere, through the nozzle 18, and again, atomized.

In many forms of use, wherein it is desirable to'cause intimate mixtures of various liquids,'air may be substituted for the steam,

when desirable and any reference through- 'out this description to steam, is intended to include air as an equivalent therefor insofar as air can carry out the main functions and features of my device. i

In the creation of some forms of intimate liquid mixtures it is only desirable to atomize them to cause admixture after which these atomized intimate mixtures are permitted to condense back to liquid form.

' What I claim is 1. In a device of the character described, in combination, a duct for gradually expandmg fluid under pressure passing therethrough, a mixing chamber communcatin with said duct, means for compressing the uid e anding' in said ductand discharging the Hui into said chamber, means for atomizing fuel and discharging the atomized fuel into said chamber, means for further atomizing the fuel and ico' causing the fuel to mingle with the high velocity fluid, discharged into said chamber whereby the fuel and fluid are mixed and the fuel is still further atomized by the fluid, an

combination, a duct for gradually expanding fluid under pressure passing therethrough, a mixing chamber communicatin with said duct, means for compressing the uid expanding in said duct and dischargingthe fluid into the said chamber, means for atomizing fuel and discharging the atomized fuel into said chamber, means for further atomizing vthe fuel and causing the fuel to travel in a path which intersects the path of the high velocity fluid discharged into said chamber whereby the fuel and fluid are mixed and the fuel is still further atomized by the fluid, the fluid and fuel being maintained separate in said mixing chamber until said intersection of the paths of the fuel an fluid, an expansion chamber adjoining the rst mentioned chamber for receiving the mixture of fluid and fuel, and a duct communicating with the expansion chamber for gradually compressing said mixture for discharge and burnin 3. ln a device of the character described, in combination, a tapering duct for assage therethrou h from its end of least diameter to its end o greatest diameter of steam under pressure, a chamber communicating with said duct at its end of greatest diameter, a member in said duct at its end of greatest diameter having ports for compressin the steam expanding in 'the duct and ischarging the steam into said chamber and having an abutment face located insaid chamber, means for wire-drawing fuel oil and discharging the wire-drawn oil into said chamber and against said `face for `further atomizing the oil and whereby the oil is'directed intothe path of the'high velocity steam discharged into said chamber by said ports and is mixed therewith and still further atomized by the steam, an

`expansion chamber communicating with the ,first mentioned chamber-for receiving the mixtureofsteam and oil, and a taperin duct lses communicating at'its end of greatest 'ameter with the expansion chamber for dgradual-f ly compressing said mixture for scharge and burnin 1 .4.' n a evice of the character described, in combination, a tapering duct for passage therethrough from its en d of least diameter to its end of greatest diameter of steam under pressure, a chamber communicating with said duct atits end of greatest diameter, a memberin said duct at its end ofgreatest diameter having ports for compressing the'steam expanding in the duct and discharging the steam into said chamber and having an abutment face located in said chamber, means for wiredrawing fuel oil and discharging 'the -wiredrawn oil into said chamber and against said face for further atomizing the oil and whereby the oil is directed into the path of the high velocity steam discharged into said chamber by said ports and is mixed therewith and still further atomized by the steam, said ports discharging the steam into said chamber in a path separated from the atomized'oil until said mixing, an expansion chamber communicating with the first mentionedchamber for receiving the mixture of steam and oil, and a tapering duct communicating at its end of eatest diameter with the expansion cham er for gradually compressingl said mixture for discharge and burning. Y

5. In a device of the character described, a casing having a duct for fluid under pressure and tapering to an end of greatest diameter, the fluid under pressure flowing towards said end, a chamber adjacent to the en d of greatest diameter of said duct, means in the end of greatest diameter of said duct providconstricted passages for the fluid from said duct into said chamber, means providing constricted passages for fuel oil into said chamber, means for atomizing the oil after passage thereof through said oil passages and deflecting the atomized oil so that the aths of travel of the fluid and atomized oil interi lsect in said chamber for commin ling the fluid and oil, an expansion cham er communicating with the first mentioned chamber for receivin the commingled fluid and ioc oil, and a casing aving a tapering duct com- 5 municating at its end of greatest diameter i. with the expansion chamber for receiving the ing in a nozzle, means located between the casings' at their adjacent ends extending' transversely thereof having a port communicatin between the interiors of the casingsand aving fuel discharging means communicating with said port, and means arranged in said port for constricting the port and provided with means extending into the first casing for restricting lthe fluid in its flow and deflecting the fluid towards said portl for commingling the fluid and fuel and pas-A sage of the commingled fluid vand fuel through said ort into thev second casin for' expansion an subsequent compression t erein and discharge from said n'ozzle.Y

sure having 7. In a device of the character described, in combination, a casing for fluid under presan interior of increasin diameter towar s one of its ends, a secon casing adjacent to the end of greatest diameter of. the Iirst casin having an interior of decreasing diameter rom said end terminating in a nozzle, a member between the casings at their for defiecting the fluid towards said port for said port, an

. fluid rom comminglin the Huid and fuel and passage ofthe commingled fluid and fuel through said port into the second casing for expansion and subsequent compression therein and discharge from said nozzle.

8. In a device of the character described, in combination, a first casing having an interior increasing in diameter from its inlet end to its opposite end for passage of fluid therethrough under pressure, a member ad- -prisin f the in et end and peripherally spaced lugs around the periphery of the conical portion jolning said casing at the end of greatest diameter thereof and having means for receiving fuel oil and having a chamber spaced away from said oil receiving means, constricted passages communicating between the interior of said casing at the end of greatest diameter thereof and said chamber, constricted passages communicating between said oil receiving means and said chamber, an expansion chamber .adjoining said member on the side thereof opposite the rst casing and communicating with the chamber of said member, and a second casin having a tapering interior adjoining atA its end of greatest diameter the'expansion chamber and communicating therewith, the interior of the second casing tapering to a discharge end of least diameter of the casing.

9. In combination, a duct gradually tapering toward it's inlet end; an abutment member in the discharge end of the Aduct coma conical portion pointing toward extending to the wall of the duct to provide atomizing fiuid passages; said member being provided forward of said lugs with an annular groove therearound having .a rear'face transverse to the axis of the member, a forwardly flaring forward face and an intermediate. inwardly curved abutment face merging into the forward and rear faces; disk means around the discharge end of the duct having a forwardly tapered inner pestiff stream; a forwardly tapering combiningy duct forward of said directing means an having a fine nozzle on its forward end and a flange at its rear end, said duct having a gradually tapering smooth inner face of larger inner diameter than the diameter of said directing means and serving to -abruptly expand the-atomizing iiuid and va or issuing from the directing means, w ereby they vare 'further combined; said combining duct further converging and increasing the velocit vof the mixture and discharging and expan ing them at the nozzle in the form of a line mist, and a retaining collar envaging said disk and the flange of the com ining duct and having an interiorly threaded flange engaging said exteriorly threaded disk flan e.

11. A urner comprising means for contracting a stream 'of atomizing Huid to a narrow annular cross section; means includling a disk having a forwardly extended iange; a ring against said disk having passages for directing fuel into said stream near said cross section; and a forwardly extending combining duct having a'nozzle on its forward end and a ange at its rear end, and a retaining collar engaged with said iianges of said disk and com ining duct.

'12 An apparatus comprlsing means forming high velocity streams of atomlzing iiuid; structure' means having an annular groove therearound having a rear face transverse to the streams, a forwardly flaring forward face and an intermediate vinwardly curved abutment face mergin into the forward and-rear faces; means or directing fuel inwardly alo said forwailll face directing fuel into said streams.`

Signed at Plainfield, in the county 'of Union and State of New Jersey, this 4thday of December, A.

HENRY ADAMS.

the plane of said rear face,

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